NASA is an independent agency that uses the latest science and technology that is accountable for the civilian space programs along with the continuous research on aeronautics and aerospace. This organization is known for its extraordinary missions and discovery of new researches. Recently, it has chosen a mission in their space agency Explores Program that is going to give you a foretaste of the past. This program provides the flight prospects investigations of physics, heliophysics, and astrophysics. It is expected to launch in the year 2023.

This recent mission to be taken place by NASA is to provide a glimpse of the past to the world. The name of this mission is SPHEREx, which stands for Spectro-Photometer for the History of the Universe, Epoch of Reionization and Ices Explorer. The mission will explore the enormous number of galaxies that existed in the past with the latest technology instruments that will use the technique of utilizing optical and near-infrared light. This mission is supposed to see as far as possible in the past that is about 10 billion years. This will enable the researchers to find some answers about the galaxy of stars, which are close to the planet Earth, across the Milky Way. The organization will use a spectrophotometer in order to perform all the surveys of the sky, which will measure with near-infrared spectra from 0.75 to 5.0 micrometers. This simple instrument will observe the sky by mapping it four times. The telescope lens has a diameter of 20 centimeters with a width of 3.5º x 7º field view, forming an image on the four 2k x 2k mercury cadmium telluride photodetector arrays. Galaxies will be classified according to their redshift accuracy and about 450 million of galaxies are categorized. NASA will be using a technology new and unique to research the ancient galaxies.

The main motive of this mission is to satisfy the queries which arise in a human mind while speaking of the term galaxy. This curiosity urged NASA to find reasons for which factors were responsible for the early universe’s inflation and exploring the origin of the universe. SPHEREx also tends to find how the galaxies are connected with one another and the origin of the water in the systems of planets. This mission will survey the region of atmosphere using the technology science adapted by the satellites of the planet Earth and spacecrafts of Mars. It will create a chart of sky in 96 different color bands. This is greater than the previous technologies used in all the sky maps. This mission will definitely be marked as an elaborated study on future missions of the organization. For this vast project, The Korea Astronomy & Space Science Institute has decided to contribute the test equipment along with the analysis of science `

According to NASA’s associate administrator Thomas Zurbuchen, this extraordinary mission will be a treasure key of unique data for astronomers and will also be providing an aid for the future use. The launch of this mission is expected by the year 2023 with James Bock of Caltech being in charge along with a collaboration of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Ball Aerospace and the Korean Science Institute. The mission will enlighten the enthusiasm of stargazers, which has been dimed by the farewell of Mars rover Opportunity. A potential for new wonders and discoveries can be seen using the latest science and technology, in the year 2023.

Graffiti was found on the walls of a barn in Sommervieu, in Northern France. The graffiti drawings show how the British soldier troops passed their time during the WW2. There were scribblings of their girlfriend’s names and their favorite football players names as well. One of the many scribblings declare Liverpool to be the home of the best football team on Earth.

These drawings and scribblings were found by a military historian named Dan Hill. He hosts tours for war veterans. The cheeky British troops drew the drawings while they were liberated in the village of Sommervieu after the Normandy landings. There was a drawing that showed a German soldier being captured by the British. Also, multiple sketches of women and artillery were found. Dan, who is 33-year-old asked to see the barn and was amazed to discover such a place. These drawings and scribbles are 80 years ago.

Dan said that it was very emotive for him as he was there researching about the second world war. He further added that it was very incredible for him as he found such a piece of history while he was not even looking for it. The whole area was covered in history. Writings could be found on walls of the old farmhouses and barns throughout the area. He further added that these were the people who were at the tip of the sword and there would be a chance that these people who wrote on the walls were the ones who had liberated that farmyard.

The farm was located near the Bayeux. It was liberated after few days of the D-Day by the British troops. According to Dan, the signatures and wall graffiti had a regional feel that could be related to the Lancashire and the North west of England. He further stated that the stories of these men were unknown but they represented a generation of men and women who defined moments of European history. There were a lot of things written on the walls such as comical sketches, signatures with dates and a bit of North-west rivalry. There was even a comment about Blackpool. Also, there was a list including names and times that soldiers had to be on duty through the night. Dan added, that it was very fascinating that there were things like this out there which were waiting to be found.

A similar graffiti was found few years back which showed about 2000 WW1 soldier’s names. This was believed to be the biggest collection in the Western Europe. The writings on the walls dated back from around 1917 and were located in Naours, which is in north of Paris. Research shows that these graffiti show that the soldiers understood the fact that leaving these drawings and scribbles would be beneficial for the future generations. Among these 2000 soldiers’ names 339 names were of British soldiers. However, these graffities surely are incredible and fascinating to be found after so many years.

After the good news that the world id getting greener, another good news for the environment is that in the first time in history, there will be hydrogen fueled trains on the UK railways. The train is named as Breeze and it will change the existing trains into much cleaner trains for the modern age. There are news that these hydrogen fueled trains could be running on the UK railways as soon as the year 2022. These environmentally friendly trains will emit only water. The conversion of the trains will be carried out by a French company, Alstom with partnership with Eversholt Rail. The two companies have finished their engineering study on the trains and the concept and design has been finalized. The two innovative minds believe that the new hydrogen fueled train will accommodate more passengers as compared to the present trains.

Such trains are already present in Germany and are transporting passengers without emitting and harmful emissions. The UK Rail Minister said in a press release that the Hydrogen technology is an innovative venture that would transform the railway and make journeys cleaner and greener. The conversion of the Breeze trains would also bring more engineering job opportunities in the country. The conversion is to take place in the next three years and be completed by the year 2022. On the other hand, the government seeks to eliminate diesel fueled trains by 2040.

The hydrogen trains would not be functional on routes that have a widespread electrification. These innovative trains will work by converting hydrogen into electricity. The electricity will be then used to run an electric motor. Surprisingly, the emission from this will be pure drinkable water. This will be an environmentally friendly power source for cars, trains and other vehicles. Also, a hydrogen-based cell can be easily charged within a couple of minutes whereas a battery electric vehicle would take several hours. The hydrogen fuel cells produce electricity to power a battery and motor by mixing hydrogen and oxygen and the only emissions it produces during this process is water and steam and an additional energy that is stored in an ion lithium battery that is on board of the train. These cells are not yet deployed on the trains as they are very expensive to build as compared to the other diesel counterparts. The new train would have a speed of 90mph. However, in order to adjust the hydrogen gas storage tanks, the electric trains will have to be converted into three carriage trains. The electric trains that were built in 1988 by the British Rail will be the first ones to undergo this conversion. These trains once build, will be able to run for a 1000 km on just a single tank of hydrogen.

UK’s railway has evolved in the past years. It all started from steam trains and now its time for Hydrogen fueled trains. The country has made efforts to move towards a cleaner and greener environment.

The latest news reports declare that Tanzania will be protecting their forest in East Africa. The forest is supposed to be under threat from activities that are illegal. Such activities include cutting trees for charcoal and animal poaching. The Magombera Forest would have been disappeared by 2018 if they hadn’t taken any action to protect it. Successfully, a program was constructed with the help of the local villages to demonstrate the importance of wildlife to the people of the region. These program was known as the Udzungwa Forest Project and the Tanzania Forest Conservation Group. The Udzungwa Forest Project and the Tanzania Forest Conservation Group evidently reached their target in 2018 to save the wildlife and the forest.

Tanzania’s government is going to create a 6463-acre Nature Reserve for Magombera to protect the plants and the animals of the forest. This of course will be done with the financial and scientific support of several conservation groups. The project began 15 years ago. The project leader Dr. Andy says that the protection of these lands was followed by more than 40 years of research. He further added, that when he began to work in the forest, it was only biologically important but it rang with the sound of axes and machetes. The project leader further revealed that they had worked over the years to find alternative sources for wood. They have even reduced the frequencies of wild fires. This has led to immense growth of small trees.

The value of conservation of the forest had begun in the 1970s but it received international attention only when a chameleon species was spotted in the forest, escaping the jaws of a snake. The forests has been very popular in the discovery of many new species of monkeys, trees and chameleons. However, this was an incentive for the increased interest in donations and protection of the forest. The forest is a home for many magnificent species such as the Magombera Chameleon, the red colobus monkey, Udzungwa dwarf galago, African elephants and hippopotamus. Apart from the animals, this is also a place for the local communities for rice and sugar farming. If the forest will not be protected than it will not be able to aid the agricultural region by providing environmental services. This would lead to floods and soil erosion.

Therefore, with the help of additional funds from the Rainforest Trust and the Udzungwa Forest Project, a conservation management plan is being implemented. It is also initiating ways through which tourists can visit the forest and bring additional aid. The Executive Director of TFCG recently said that the tourist fees will go to the local communities as well as to the government managing authority.

These are very good news for the locals as well as the wildlife of the Tanzania Forests. The illegal activities have stopped and the conservation plans are being implemented to create a better and safer environment for plants and animals.